McDonalds Corporation Product Design

Design of goods and services is an important aspect of an organization as it determines productivity and organizational competitiveness. This is the reason why product launches are important part of an organization’s objective to progressively innovate within itself. Design of goods and services usually takes careful planning because each new product introduced by the company reflects a substantial quantity in capital development. Product design is just one of the significant basics in new product development in an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on McDonald’s Corporation Product Design specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from product design, a new product has to progress through several stages in its development which include decision making processes, market research and internal communications processes. This paper is going to focus on how product design is applied in decision makin g in McDonald’s corporation and a description of product life cycle in the same corporation. Preceding an internal organizational decision making process, a broad market research is conducted by the organization in order to make sure that the ideas introduced in the new product actually concur with clients needs, preferences and desires (Cross, 2011). McDonald’s corporation owns chains of fast foods restaurants around the world. This business requires frequent changes in product design since customer’s preference and desires change on a day to day basis. McDonald’s restaurants usually conduct both quantitative and qualitative studies that are aimed at testing new product ideas with its customers. The food industry has many competitors and therefore evaluation of products from different companies is also important. In most large companies as McDonald’s, senior management is normally tasked with establishing whether the company’s resources are to be committed in development of new products. For this reason, product development teams have to convince the senior management by selling the new products concepts to them (Cross, 2011). The senior management evaluates the product concepts and tries to take into account if the existing operational resources are adequate to cater for the product’s production and manufacturing necessities. The product ideas should also adhere to the organizational goals and objectives and hence the concepts should be assessed to show consistency with this factor. A company such as McDonald’s has several departments inside and therefore interdepartmental communication is important to ensure products development and marketing is successful. Internal communications should be started at the opening stages of product design and testing so as to gain insights from different organizational departments and this further ensures high levels of commitment to the development of the new product ( Cross, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The sales and marketing department gets involved in decision making at the final stages of new product development. Development of marketing and sales strategies targeting the market is done. Product life cycle generally referrers to the period that begins with initial product design that incorporates research and development to the period when a product is withdrawn from the market (Rodrigue, 2011). The McDonald’s restaurants products undergo the same process as seen in the previous paragraphs. New products go through specific stages that begin with market research and development, introduction stage where the new product is introduced to the market, maturity stage, decline stage and finally obsolescence stage (Product Design and process selection, 2007.p.67). Introduction stage involves the development of a product from the p oint it was first conceptualized to the time the new product is introduced to the market. The growth stage is experienced if the product introduced to the market is successful and hence sells start to grow. The company experiences high level of profits in this stage and it improves its distributions to its other restaurants as competition sets in from other companies who may have developed a similar product or improved on the already existing one. Maturity stage is characterized by a situation where the new product is well distributed in the market and the product is now standardized. As competition increases over cost, production of the product is moved to lower cost sites and this marks the beginning of a decline phase (Rodrigue, 2011). In conclusion, product design is applied in several ways in the decision making of McDonald’s restaurants. Several departments are involved in development of a new product in this company.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on McDonald’s Corporation Product Design specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Cross, V. (2011). How product design is applied in the decision-making of an organization. Web. Product Design and process selection. (2007). Product Design and process selection. Web. Rodrigue, J. P. (2011). The Geography of transport systems. Web. This essay on McDonald’s Corporation Product Design was written and submitted by user Laurel C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

MDMA Abuses Problems

MDMA Abuses Problems The introduction The effect of MDMA on people’s brain When speaking about neurobiology of MDMA (3,4 meythylenedioxymethamphetamine) abuse, it is necessary to highlight some fundamentals concerning the effect of one of the major drugs on people’s brain. First of all, it should be pointed out that ecstasy impacts on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on MDMA Abuse’s Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, one is to keep in mind that the effect on neurons is neurotoxic. The effect of the drug was studied on the basis of animal model. Thus, rodents and primates took part in the research. â€Å"Recent studies in transgenic and knockout mice identified the role of dopamine transporters, nitric oxide, apoptotic proteins, and inflammatory cytokines in amphetamines neurotoxicity† (Itzhak Achat-Mendes, 2004, p. 249). Later, it became obvious that dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxicity can be also applied to human studies; so, the outcomes of human abuse of ecstasy could also be investigated. As far as neurobiology of MDMA abuse was studied on the basis of animal research and the behavioral corollaries, one can make a conclusion that the most important methods of research were case study, experiment, and survey (see below). The body The methods of research and their detailed description Yacoubian’s survey 3,4-meythylenedioxymethamphetamine impacts on central nervous system. The drug is recognized to be one of the strongest psychostimulants. MDMA is considered to be one of the most widespread drugs on the territory of the Midwest and the West Coast of America. Generally, it should be pointed out that â€Å"A study of drug-using behavior of 43000 10th graders in the US showed that 7% had lifetime ecstasy use, 5% had used within the past year and 2% within the previous 30 days† (Yacoubian, 2002, p. 225-230). Repeated use of the drug causes not only addiction, but also depression and violent behavior. Neuronal damage was observed from animal and human investigations. The key variables, which were used in the research included DA (levels of dopamine), DAT (DA transporter), 5 HT (5-hydroxytriptamine), 5HTT (5-HT transporter). Neurotoxicity and depletion seem to define the effects of MDMA. Thus, neurotoxicity was used to define cell death; while depletion is mostly associated with depletion of monoamines.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The methods of research are of particular attention, as case study gave the researchers an opportunity to gather detailed information about neurobiological effects of MDMA on animals and human beings. Moreover, it became possible to obverse the behavioral processes of test objects over a period of time. Thus, it is obvious that case study c annot exist without experiment. In other words, both methods cannot be regarded separately. A survey of 3500 visitors, in its turn, provided researchers with an opportunity to reveal poly-drug use of MDMA, METH, and cocaine. Due to the method of research, it became possible to define the most common drugs. Parrott’s experiment methods Case study and experiment methods, which were related to MDMA users, provided the researchers with an opportunity to establish an interdependence between the dose of the drug and cognitive impairments. â€Å"Cognitive deficits were identified in 19, 52 and 73% of novice, moderate and heavy ecstasy users, respectively; these deficits were attributed to hippocampal and pre-frontal cortex dysfunction as a result of drug use† (Parrott et. al., 2002, p. 309-312). So, due to the above-mentioned methods it was proven that METH is considered to be more neurotoxic than ecstasy. A survey gave the researchers an opportunity to establish the so-calle d environment of METH-abused and MDMA users. Thus, according to the data, METH is used by persons who know each other (in other words, the drug is used in familiar environment), and MDMA is mostly used by large groups of people, who do not know each other (in other words, the drug is used in a novel environment). Experiments with animals (rodents), gave the researchers an opportunity to establish an interdependence between a stressful environment and neurotoxicity of 3,4-meythylenedioxymethamphetamine. Thus, it was proven that stress reduces neurotoxicity. Moreover, it should be pointed out that MDMA contains some other substances, which cause the so-called effect of neuroprotection. For this reason, one can make a conclusion that neurotoxicity of MDMA as compared with METH is lower. Kish’s case study The results of case study show that ecstasy impacts on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. There is a certain interdependence between depression and serotonergic depletion. O n the other hand, it was proven that the effect of MDMA on dopaminergic neurons is more desctructive, as it may lead to development of Parkinsonism in humans. Generally, the assumption seems to be rather ambiguous, as â€Å"it was argued that there is no direct evidence linking MDMA abuse to Parkinson’s disease, and that some of the methods and criteria employed to determine monoamines’ depletion in human studies were inadequate† (Kish, 2003, p. 1219-1223).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on MDMA Abuse’s Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it should be pointed out that the depletion of levels of dopamine in Parkinson’s disease is higher in relation to the depletion of monoamines. â€Å"Therefore, a reasonable concern with human METH and/or MDMA abuse is whether subtle neurotoxicity might render the organism more susceptible to future neurodegenerative disorder s, such as Parkinson’s disease† (Itzhak Achat-Mendes, 2004, p. 250). Generally, the methods the researchers used were quite persuasive; however, some important disadvantages cannot be neglected too. Thus, it is still unclear whether the research can be called totally reliable or no. In my opinion, one can trust the results of case study and experiment, but it is evident that some errors may exist. For instance, the effect of MDMA on brain depends upon the accuracy of the experiment. In other words, one is to keep in mind that human users of MDMA practice other drugs too. For this reason, other substances, including alcohol, cocaine, etc. impact on the qualities and, therefore, the effects of 3,4-meythylenedioxymethamphetamine. On the other hand, it is necessary to remember that MDMA may contain numerous other substances (drugs), which most widespread are ketamine, salicylates, METH, etc. Thus, as far as MDMA and other substances may increase neurotoxicity, such element s as â€Å"ketamine and dextromethorphan can attenuate neurotoxicity by blockade of N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) type of glutamate receptors which is known to afford neuroprotection† (Itzhak Achat-Mendes, 2004, p. 250-251). That is why the methods cannot be regarded as totally reliable; there can be some inherent problems of the study. The above-mentioned limitations of clinical investigations proved the interdependence between the effects of 3,4-meythylenedioxymethamphetamine and its chemical composition. In other words, one can make a conclusion that the pharmacological effects of MDMA depend upon the accuracy of the experiment. The conclusion Case study, experiment and survey Case study, experiment, and survey are recognized to be the most widespread research methods. They provide the researchers with an opportunity to gather important statistical data and establish a relation between different variables. However, it should be noted that any method of the research contains certain errors within acceptable limits.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Itzhak, Y. Achat-Mendes, C. (2004). Methamphetamine and MDMA (Ecstasy) Neurotoxicity: â€Å"Of Mice and Men†. University of Miami School of Medicine. Retrieved from: https://www.hawaii.edu/ Kish, S. J. (2003). What is the Evidence that Ecstasy (MDMA) Can Cause Parkinson’s Disease? Mov. Disord. 18, 1219 – 1223. Parrott, A. C., Buchanan, T., Scholey, A. B., Heffernan, T., Ling, J., Rodgers, J. (2002). Ecstasy/MDMA Attributed Problems Reported by Novice, Moderate and Heavy Recreational Users. Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp. 17, 309 – 312. Yacoubian, G. S. Jr. (2002). Correlates of Ecstasy Use among Tenth Graders Surveyed Through Monitoring the Future. J. Psychoactive Drugs 34, 225 – 230.

Rhino Versus Grizzly Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhino Versus Grizzly - Case Study Example The Grizzly seems eminently more useful for tackling difficult terrain and for crossing steeper hills. ATVRiderOnline.com (2008) gives a detailed review of the Grizzly in which it was put through very difficult terrain yet it floated over downhill areas, handled steep climbs with ease and had a light steering which was very easy to use. With glowing praise for the machine, the review concluded that â€Å"A recurring theme among the testers was how light and neutral it felt in the really hairy stuff, a quad that, in most cases, you could ride like an extension of yourself (ATVRiderOnline.com, 2008, Pg. 1). The ease of riding this machine over almost unsurpassable terrain makes it a winner when compared to the Rhino. However, the Rhino scores better when it comes to safety since it has a roll cage which many other ATVs such as the grizzly lack (Chicas, 2003). DuneGuide.com, (2007) explains why such cages may not be necessary while traversing dunes but the safety advantages gained by having this cage are certainly appreciated. The reviewers also noted the presence of cup holders and things such as passenger grab handles which can help create a more comfortable riding experience for the passenger as well as the driver. This makes the Rhino a better bet for dealing with flat surfaces and driving over sand dunes but it lacks the power to carry a full load of two passengers and their gear over steep gradients or tricky terrain. While the Rhino appears to be easier to drive and to use since it is comparable more to a mini SUV than an all-out ATV such as the Grizzly, the Grizzly is a more capable ATV since with similar engine sizes, it carried a far lighter load which can allow the engine to go further as compared to the Rhino. Essentially, it is quite clear that both of the vehicles are quite capable in their own right.

Global Climate Change in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Climate Change in Australia - Essay Example The author of the paper "Global Climate Change in Australia" considers that climate change has obvious and glaring effects on Australia today. They are supported by empirical evidence and scientific studies. The ecological, economic and social impacts of these effects are the most threatening and that they perhaps outweigh the rationale for the current policy’s indifference to the global climate change accord. The Australian government through its climate change policy may be only exercising its right to support the country’s economic competitiveness and thereafter the general welfare of its people. However, in the long-run, failing to address climate change would have a more devastating effect on the Australian economy in comparison with the sacrifices it has to make in joining the current climate change accords. The issue about climate change involves the prioritizing the eradication of the global practices that are harmful to the environment. This entails a great dea l of sacrifice from each country and requires cooperation and compromise. It is, for example, imperative for any country, such as Australia to help forge a global policymaking environment that promotes the ratification as well as the implementation of multilateral accords about climate change. No single nation could address the problem alone. Not only because today is the so-called age of interdependence. Rather, in global climate change every nation has each own culpability and so each must shoulder the burden in addressing the problem.

(poverty)socio-political factors influencing the mental health of an Essay

(poverty)socio-political factors influencing the mental health of an individual - Essay Example Poverty has a significant influence on physical and mental health. This paper presents a critique of the impact of poverty on the mental health of an individual. Poverty is strongly associated with social inequalities in the society. According to Nettleton (2006), unequal distribution of income leads to the emergence of a gap between different income groups yet such groups require the same basic needs. The underprivileged group suffers psychosocial anxiety that contributes to weakening health and death in case of prolonged stress. Poor social and physical infrastructures result in poor community health and mortality especially among the lowest social economic groups in such communities. In spite of stress, poor communities suffer frustration and unstable families and often exhibit tendencies towards domestic violence, criminal activities such as theft, murder and rape. These antisocial behaviors are also experienced in higher income groups but at a lower rate (Dalton et al. 2007). In one of my clinical placements I met a client named John who’s came from a poor neighborhood. He was worried about insecurity and was stressed after his d aughter was sexually assaulted by three young men. Hearden (2008) argues that the poor are exposed to hazardous environments and even when in employment are engaged in stressful, unfulfilling and depersonalizing activities. For example, John worked as a casual laborer in a skin tanning firm which was the only alternative available after his shop run out of stock as a result of rising cost of living that made him use part of the goods to feed his family of six. Such people often have no access to the essentials and services of life and are also subjugated by the main stream social class that is better informed regarding mental health. The poor are among the minority groups whose mental health is at risk due to the tendency to

Impact of Population Dynamics in Canada

Impact of Population Dynamics in Canada The population of Canada is aging, and fronting population decay in spite of near record high migration levels. This demographic tendency has substantial consequences from a public policy perspective, in relations of economic evolution, public expenses and social organization. Canada, through a total fertility rate (TFR) of about 1.5, is not unaccompanied in facing this encounter; other developed nations are previously addressing the problems related by an age structure categorized by intensely growing numbers of elder people and dwindling numbers of kids and employed age citizens. Most developed nations identify this demographic encounter and numerous have applied a variety of policies to decrease its scope as well as alleviate its potential influences. Within North America the condition is slightly unique. The United States has a comparatively great fertility rate, soaring just below the replacement level of 2.1; frequently imitating a very great fertility rate aimed at Hispanic Am ericans, in addition stable settlement. Mexico’s fertility degree is well above replacement as well as has a newer population generally. Canada has had a fertility percentage beneath replacement level ever since 1972 however has an impartially high settlement rate. Maximum Canadians, if they are conscious of the matters at play, undertake immigration will take overhaul of the challenges related by an aging populace such as a lessening work force and rising dependence ratio. Rendering to Figures Canada, Canadas population is getting old rapidly and senior citizens will outstrip kids in about an era. Population forecasts for Canada’s main metropolitan areas moreover highlight how present fertility and immigration tendencies will mark cities very contrarily. It has been predictable that through 2051, 10 out of the 26 main cities in Canada will have increasing populations, whereas 12 will perceive population decay. Of the metropolises predicted to be minor, it could be as little as half their present size. And developing cities will be newer and more varied. Since in Canada labor represents nearly two-third of the revenue share, the anticipated slowing in labor force growth increases important labor market as well as economic growth challenges (Annabi, Nabil et. al. 2009). Demographics are accurately at this interval of individual as well as collective interests (Demeny. 1986). The sum of children to have, in addition where to exist, is enormously personal queries; however the society likewise has an interest as these behaviors impact collective happiness. The number as well as structure of its affiliation is of pure interest to the entire society, and there is a genuine source for inter-personal impacts in favor to the related behaviors which are far away from virtuously private. What might we propose as a populace policy for Canada, in the logic of an idea of the favored demographic future as well as a debate of the means to transfer in that direction. In my opinion, this might instigate by two elements: (1) the compensations of some population development or at least evading decline, as well as (2) sluggish rather than speedier aging. Considerable demographic development can be frugally useful, or at minimum it has been in the historical, but evadin g decline is perhaps more significant from a financial point of vision (United Nations. 2000). Decay would mean numerous extra investments and problematic adjustments of numerous kinds, and it would comprise mainly noteworthy aging. On the further hand, environmental influences point to the difficulties of high growth. Though population growth could inspire more ecologically friendly consumption as well as technology, there is no evading the straight multiplier of population extent on ecological impact, specified our principles of living based on great use of energy and additional forms of harmful consumption (Daly. 1999). In the background of doubts associated with ecological questions, the sensible course of act would be to pursue to diminish the impact (LeGrand. 1998). In relations of specific constituents, fertility is the vital for both growth as well as aging. There is evidently limited impending for influence in respect to fertility, certain would say there is nothing. Still, reflections on nations that have principally low fertility, for example in Southern as well as Eastern Europe, propose that these very little levels arise when women have prospects in education as well as the labor force, however the family remains customary. If women have to engross the family work, particularly once there are kids, they are mainly focused on to highlighting their parts in the paid work range, where prospects are more equivalent. Fertility in a contemporary society might be made constant by strategies that would support families, irrespective of family type, decrease gender dependences in families, and apt a better allocation of earning and caring actions among males and females (Beaujot. 2000). This would not probably bring fertility beyond replacement; however it may permit more individuals to have the children that they initially envisioned. That is, we should pursue to remove the obstacles to childbearing over better partaking in the costs of kids by fathers and the wider society. Mortality is informal since lengthier and restored lives are a extensively shared value. As designated earlier, in a period of deferred degenerative as well as hybristic mortality, main are the threat factors and management. It points to the significance of constant public education on risk factors, laterally with developments in treatment. It likewise points to the numerous other bases for drawback that discourage persons from enchanting control of their lives. Other threat factors are ecological, where more exploration is required, but there is substantial evidence on the influence of environmental excellence on population wellbeing. In effect, there is additional information on the effect of atmosphere on populace than the effect of populace on atmosphere. However here again, the more danger is the deficiency of political drive to accomplish from the exploration in a policy path. Whereas immigration objectives work quite well, there is requisite for more debate on the basis for fixing these objectives in terms of together number as well as composition. Yet the Immigration Legislative Review (1997) perceived that, for numerous, sums of immigration were not an â€Å"interesting topic† as well as that the significant problems were not just figures. The costs as well as remunerations of migration towards the receiving society requisite fuller exploration, particularly in terms of the discrepancy costs and profits to diverse interests and fragments of the society. For example, it is determined in Sweden that by evading the inexpensive solution of guest labors, the society was encouraged to mark more space for females in the labor force, counting policies that would permit labors to have children. Whereas immigration is esteemed in terms of getting diversity, abundance, pluralism as well as contact with a wider world, population regeneration that is markedly based on immigration rather than fertility resources much change as well as possibly less probable for socializing novel members into a shared society. If one contemplates immigration in relations of pressures from exterior of Canada, one mode to grip these pressures is over higher immigration, laterally with fair trade as well as international support. Evidently, higher immigration is of attention to persons who are pursuing to transfer to Canada, and it is frequently of attention to sending societies. I would approve by the Economic Council of Canada (1991) that the situation for migration should not be completed in demographic or else economic relations, however in socio-cultural relations. Whereas immigration somewhat decreases aging, it is an overstatement to say that migration will correct the age arrangement. Likewise, immigration perhaps conveys net macro-economic remunerations, counting a source of labor market regeneration, however internal contemplations are more signifi cant to macro-economic development. As an alternative, the case for migration requests to be made in relations of pluralism, ethnic dynamism, humanitarian apprehensions, and candidness to a wider world. Therefore the level as well as composition of migration essentials to be centered on a political judgment concerning the kind of society that we dearth to shape. We need to develop a civilization that will have virtuous adaptive capability, by being together diverse as well as cohesive. Hence the judgment is neither demographic nor financial, however in terms of the type of immigration that will exploit the occasionally contradictory components of diversity in addition to cohesiveness. That leaves worldwide migration, where the strategy basis is best recognized. Whereas the instant demographics of immigration are rationally well proven, the part that these should show in defining immigration levels is far fewer vibrant. There are the small term remunerations to the labor market, laterally with the short term expenses of incorporation, but the long term profits of a bigger population rests on the comparative weight given to financial and ecological considerations. In Europe, Asia as well as Australia the reactions to their condition have been diverse. Every nation has engrossed on specific policy responses to multifaceted issues. Most have selected to focus on increasing or upholding a fertility proportion adjacent replacement levels though also paying thoughtful attention to labor market problems such as growing the labor force addition of women as well as other under-represented assemblies, and later superannuation ages for workforces. Some, maximum notably Australia, have likewise looked towards immigration to decrease the probability of reductions in population extent or uncontrollable ageing tendencies. The lessons from additional industrialized states comprise the significance of having a mix of strategies in place to ensure a maintainable population base. Associated to these reactions in other nations, the Canadian approach is different. In Canada, comparatively little consideration has been paid to matters of sustainable population and nothing has been remunerated to problems of fertility rates exterior the region of Quà ©bec. The Canadian strategy response has been mainly engrossed on immigration as a basis of development for the labor market and as an extenuating feature for ageing inclinations (McDaniel, Susan, A., Julia Rozanova. 2011). More lately some consideration has been engrossed on other labor market strategies, mainly exploring ingenuities around later superannuation for Canadian workers. The region of Quà ©bec has applied more clearly pro-natalist strategies including cash incentives as well as, more lately, general childcare. We might agree or disagree on these particulars; however the broader difficulty is the absence of an established basis for strategy that would pursue to endogenize population. Observing at the Australian case, McNicoll (1995) discovers that there are numerous impairments to population strategy in liberal democracies. In addition to the absence of a political source for long-term forecasting, the stress on individual well-being, and the lack of consideration to scale, there is likewise a propensity for â€Å"government to perceive its electorate only in terms of systematized groups as well as its role that of judging competing statements† (p. 18). In the Canadian situation, Pal (1993) has analyzed in what way numerous â€Å"civil society† assemblies, frequently set up by the state, are likewise pursuing rents through the political structure and might control plans based on explicit interests. It would seem that these benefits narrate less to the population as an entire, than to precise apprehensions similar to those of family, feminism, atmosphere, wellbeing, multiculturalism or immigrants. That is, the possible components to discussion of population plan are engrossed in distinctive political dominions and they are accordingly reactive to separate relatively than common benefits. Some of the components would even be in contradiction of any discussion of population plan. There is abundant room for further investigation. We requisite to improve our considerate of the trends in the constituents of population change in directive to have additional secure bases for the forecasts assumptions. Canada essentials further analyses of the inferences of both the actual as well as the potential demographic modification. We likewise need further discerning on the policy side of the developing demographics. In heartening demographers to contemplate of policy, I am encouraged by Canadian basic democratic alignment to count everybody equally in the entire populati on. Whereas there is scope for those who think of the benefits of specific assemblies, like the elderly, kids, women, visible subgroups, families, or else immigrants, there are likewise compensations to looking at the entire population, and its well-being, counting everybody equally. Bibliography Annabi, Nabil, Maxime Fougà ¨re, and Simon Harvey. 2009. Inter-temporal and Inter-industry Effects of Population Ageing: A General Equilibrium Assessment for Canada.LABOUR: Review Of Labour Economics Industrial Relations23, no. 4: 609-651.Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost(accessed March 12, 2015). Beaujot, Roderic and Judy-Lynn Richards, 1996. â€Å"International Equity in Reforming the Canada Pension Plan,† Policy Options 17(9). Daly, Herman, 1999. â€Å"From empty world economics to full world economics,† in P. Demeny and G. McNicoll, The Earthscan Reader in Population and Development. London: Earthscan Publications, pp. 270-78. Demeny, Paul, 1986. â€Å"Population and the invisible hand,† Demography, 23 (4): 473-488. Economic Council of Canada, 1991. Economic and Social Impacts of Immigration. Ottawa: Economic Council of Canada. Immigration Legislative Review, 1997. Not Just Numbers: A Canadian Framework for Future Immigration. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works. LeGrand, Thomas, 1998. â€Å"Croissance de la population mondiale et environnement: les enjeux,† Cahiers Quà ©becois de Dà ©mographie 27 (2): 221-252. McNicoll, Geoffrey, 1995, â€Å"Institutional impediments to population policy in Australia.† Australian National University, Working Papers in Demography No. 53. Pal, Leslie, 1993. Interests of State: The Politics of Language, Multiculturalism, and Feminism in Canada. Montreal: McGill-Queen`s University Press. United Nations, 2000. Replacement Migration: Is it a Solution to Declining and Aging Populations? United Nations: Population Division. McDaniel, Susan, A., and Julia Rozanova. 2011. Canada’s Aging Population (1986) Redux.Canadian Journal On Aging30, no. 3: 511-521.CINAHL with Full Text, EBSCOhost(accessed March 12, 2015).

Desire of the Fourteenth Century Women Essay -- Feminist Feminism Angl

Desire of the Fourteenth Century Women Is not what we desire, the most hard to get? It has always been this way. Unfortunately, women’s rights and abilities have been underestimated over the centuries. In the fourteenth century, the status and condition of a European woman depended on her husband’s position. Women had to endure arranged marriages, abuse and male dominance. During that time, Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales and taught us about one extraordinary woman whose name is Dame Alisoun. Alisoun is called The Wife of Bath, and she defines what women desired most in fourteenth-century England. She believes that women wish for power over their husbands, and I personally agree with her opinion. The Wife of Bath, a cloth maker, gets rich after her husbands die and leave her their fortunes. Even though medieval women were still far from being powerful, and had to obey their husbands, Alisoun states that she has power over her men’s bodies and property all her life: â€Å" I have the power during al my life, Upon his proper body, and nat he†(line 164). Alisoun is an exception to the rule because she marries five times and is widowed five times. It is important to mention that there was no divorce for women in the fourteenth century: â€Å"She was a worthy woman al hr live. Husbondes at chirche dore she hadde five, Withouten other compaignye in youthe† (line 461). The three first husbands are old, rich and loyal to her. The fourth husband has a mistress: â€Å"My ferthe housbonde was a revelour. This is to sayn, he hadde a paramour† (line 459). The Wife of Bath learns that it is very important for a woman to satisfy her man, and she knows how to act to make him obedient and less powerful... ...nder difference will still have an impact on women’s lives six hundred years from now. What do you think? Credits: Abrams M. H, et al. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 7th ed. New York: W. Norton & Company, 2000. Fell, Christine. Women in Anglo-Saxon England and the Impact of 1066. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984. Catholic Encyclopedia. Online. October 24, 2000. http://www.newadvent.org Harvard University. Online. October 24, 2000. http://www.icg.fas.Harvard Luminarium Organization. Online. October 22, 2000. http://www.britannia.com/history/biographies/guinever.html http://www.icg.fas.harvard.edu http://www.legends.dm.net/kingarthur http://www.georgetown.edu/labyrinth/subjects/women/women.html http://www.r3.org/life/articles/women.html http://www.luminarium.org/medlit/chaucer.htm http://www.infoplease.com